JANAKPUR – NOT JUST A PILGRIMAGE DESTINATION

LOCATED IN THE MID-SOUTH OF NEPAL, ON THE BORDER OF INDIA, THIS PLACE AS PER HINDU BELIEF IS SAID TO BE THE HOME OF THE GODDESS SITA, WHO MARRIED THE MOST RESECTED OF ALL GODS, RAM.

Nepal, the gateway to the Himalaya, the kingdom of hills and mountains, are some familiar descriptions of this small nation. Known for its hilly and mountainous areas, lowland Nepal has been more or less forgotten. The lower belt of the country, the Terai region is equally rich and breathtaking as the higher peaks. Culture, art, nature is well rooted here and has a charm that draws one again and again to these places, Janakpur is one such amazing Terai destination that takes your breath away. Though, this place is not well known, it is a most important for the pious Hindus and is a popular destination for Hindu pilgrims.

Named after the legendary king Janak, Janakpur was the ancient capital of the Hindu kingdom Mithila, which had already expanded its territory up to present day Bihar. It is reputed to be one of the most important places according to the Hindu epic, “The Ramayan”. Now located in the mid-south of Nepal, on the border of India, this place as per Hindu belief is said to be the home of the goddess Sita, who married the most respected of all gods, Ram. The city is spread over an area of 4,520.93 hectares and is also the district headquarter of Dhanusha.

It is a matter of irony that such a culturally affluent place like Janakpur is still to be discovered as a tourist destination, and like it has always been, it is a mere pilgrimage destination. Even with one of the oldest and most historic temples and sites, Janakpur still lacks attention. There are many interesting temples of different architecture that allures the culture seekers.

The primary example is the Ram Mandir, the oldest and the most popular temple of all, which lies within the complex of the main temple. It is one of the oldest temples so far as the construction is concerned. Initially established by a saint, Sanyaasi Chaturbhuji Giri, it was later built in a typical Nepali Pagoda style by General Amar Sigh Thapa in the 1782 AD. It houses special images of lord Ram and one can see the images of the deities, Laxmi, Narayan, Vishnu. It also treasures artistic images sculpted in black stone.

The important pilgrimage site, for which pilgrims come from all over to worship at, is the Janaki Temple. Popularly known as Naulakha, it is the most sacred temple for all Hindus and since it holds a special importance in the myth, the temple holds special importance of all. This temple was founded later, when the images of Sita was found buried in the ground. The present chief of the temple is the 14 th descendant of the disciple tradition. It was built by Queen Brisabanu Kunwar of India in the year 1911 AD. This temple also is rich in architecture with a most interesting blend of Hindu Rajput architecture with Moghul architecture, which is the only attractive model of Moghul architecture in Nepal. However, the grand Ram-Janaki Vivah Mandap or the place where the wedding of the deities took place, shows, a good example of Nepalese a good example of Nepalese architecture. The building is bewitching not only with its awesome architecture, but its location, around which is picturesque landscapes. It is also said to be the worship place of King Janak. This temple is located in the central part of Janakpur, and legend has it that the famous bow of the Lord Ram, winning Sita’s hand for marriage at this very place. The temple has also managed to preserve the precious and antique idols of King Janak, as well as other antique pieces.

Situated in the campus of Janaki Temple, Laxman Temple houses images of King Ram, and his wife Sita, as well as Ram’s brother Laxman. There are also images of Sita’s two twin sons. It has been named after Ram’s most loyal brother Laxman. Meanwhile, Sankat Mochan, the temple of Hanuman, or the monkey god and devoted and loyal follower of Ram, is also an interesting feature in the area.

Dulha-Dulhan temple, or the Bride and Groom temple, is a fascinating temple within the vicinity of the main temple. Lord Ram is believed to have spent his wedding night at this very place. Depicting the fact, these temple houses images of Lord Ram and Sita in their wedding robbers. The architect ahs displayed through glasses, the Lord and Sita at their wedding ceremony.

Apart from these beautiful temples, Janakpur is famous for its art rather than as a destination. Mithila art has gained popularity with its amazing creations, patterns, and beauty. It is the center for the revival of ancient Mithila art and craft. Women of this region were called Mithila, so they have been from generations decorating their houses exterior and interior with their precious paintings. These paintings show figures from Hindu mythology in the most abstract form and through this art they depict their way of life. Now, this art has been revived in the form of paper and modern products and is gaining a lot of popularity. This Janakpur is now renowned for Mithila art, which is now also called Janakpur art.

Janakpur, the sacred pilgrimage has a lot of potential as a tourist destination. Tourism and pilgrimage can go side by side, so that the rest of eh world can also enjoy the beauty of the ancient Hindu culture.

MANSAROVAR – HOLY DIP AND HEALING EFFECTS

To Nature lovers, trekkers and adventurers, the Tibet lying Mansarovar promises treasures of Shangri-La

Lying at the height of 15,000 ft approximately, lake Mansarovar, and wider religious significance among the people of the trans-Himalayan region, both Hindus and Buddhists. Hindus in large number go on pilgrimage to the Tibetan holy site, lake Mansarovar, lying on the north of Nepalis far western Himalayan and Tibet bordering districts of Darchula and Humla in the Mahakali zone.

Pure in beauty and tranquility in surrounding and the lake at the lap of Himalaya has remained a site of holy reverence for both the Hindus from the south and Buddhists from the north.

In both the religion, Hindu and Buddhism, the sanctity of the lake and its power of spiritual haling have been held high for ages. Making a round of the lake and taking a dip init is believed to be purging one’s soul from sins and the body from sickness.

In either of the religious interpretations, be it of the Buddhist or Hindus, the site is revered as dwelling of the divine which promises eternity to earthly creatures.

Several legendary tales have been related to Lake Mansarovar which have ruled the heart and mind of Hindus and Buddhists for ages telling the miraculous power of healing.

Some Hindu belief say, taking a dip into the lake help cleanse the heart and mind by washing away mental and physical perversions. Others, say it is through the purgation of soul in holy water, one can establish association with his Holy Providence, and his that a dip in Mansarovar provides with that celestial opportunity.

Others say, by taking a dip in the lake, one can retain his youth with all vigor and vitality. Still there are others, who believe in the religious notion that by making rounds of the lake and taking dip into it, one can not only clean his soul but also secure his place in heaven after the end of mortal life.

One more school of thought related with the lake Mansarovar has dominated the Hindu mind is that taking a dip in it helps one attain moksha (free from the cycle of birth and re-birth in the worldly life).

The Tibet-situated Himalayan lake is usually visited in rainy season as in winter the snow-deep region is virtually impossible to tread. Also, because the water are replaced by the iceberg or ice floor in winter, pilgrims can hardly find even a spoonful of water to take a dip.

According to different pilgrims, who have made their way to Mansarovar from different locations i e Pakistan, Lhasa, or Darchula, Nepal’s Tibet-bordering district, it takes seven days to reach the holy site from either of the places.

Perennially snow-covered region, accept for couple of months in summer, the Mansarovar take is closely surrounded by snow peaks, which upon melting fills the lake with skin-biting chilled blue water.

To Nature lovers, trekkers adventurers, the Tibet-lying Mansarovar promises treasures of Shangri-La.

Nevertheless, we’d now see the spiritual value and religious significance which take Mansarovar holds for the religious-minded Hindus.

The lake Mansarovar, sitting at the lap of towering Himalayas, has a reference, since Vedic times, in Mansas Khanda (Manas chapter) of Skanda Puran (Age-old Hindu Holy Scriptures). As described in Skanda Puran, Sage Dattatreya once went to the Himalaya where Lord Himalaya welcomed him and asked him for the reasons for ascending the Himalayas welcomed him and asked him for the reasons for ascending the Himalaya Parbat (range). Upon so asked, Dattatreya said, ‘Oh! Giri Shrestha (highest peak), Bindhya and other Himalayan ranges are not as big and powerful as you, yet they too, are revered and worshipped, why?”. “I want you to kindly take me to all the hidden pilgrimages sites at your lap”, said Dattatreya.

Hearing that, Himalaya took him to a site called Manas which as described by him was created by Brahma (master of the Universe). In those early times, Manas was the dwelling of great sags and yogis, and at the center of sarovar (lake) there lay a golden Shiva linga. Dattatreya saw Lord Shiva, sitting cross-folded on an elevated place, in a mediating posture. Dattatreya greeted, prayed and worshipped him, As Lord Shiva opened his eyes, he found Dattatreya kneeling in front of him. Shiva asked Dattatreya if he wanted any thing or had any wishes to be fulfilled. Then Dattatreya said, “Please make the Earth inaccessible to me as I don’t want to leave this site”. He further asked Shiva, “Tell me, which among the parbats (high ranges) is the holiest site for pilgrimage, and where is your permanent dwelling?”

Then Shiva said, “Oh! Dattatreya, I live here and Bindhya parbat. Himalaya has been the holiest and the highest site of pilgrimage for the earthly creatures. There are no earthly creatures. There is no such holiest site as Himalaya on earth. Himalaya is full of Shiva linga and the holy Ganges. Hence, by coming here you have reached the state of salvation’.

Completing his pilgrimage to Mansarovar, Saint Dattatreya went to Badrika Ashrams and Kedar Mandal. There, after worshipping Lord Kedar Nath and Badri, Dattatreya went to Lord Himalaya again. Later, Dattatreya returned to Kashi (Benares).

Prince of Kashi (Benares), Dhanwantari welcomed Dattatreya, and asked him to explain about the holiest site Mansarovar. Then Dattatreya repeated what Lord Shiva had told him, “There is no holiest site as Mansarovar on earth. The pronunciation of letter ‘him’ (of Himalaya) alone, from even thousands of kilometers away, can cleanse a man of all sins. The recalling of the pilgrimage ever made can alone liberate earthly creatures. Lord Shiva dwells there. The Mansarovar has been created by Brahma (master of the universe) himself. Hence, as Mansarovar”, explained Dattatreya.

Dhanwantari then asked, how and why did Brahma created Mansarovar? Now Dattatreya said, “Brahma’s son Marichi went to Kailash parbat and mediated there to get the glimpse of Lord Shiva and Parbati, Marichi met Lord Shiva there and with the help of sages and yogis, he started worshipping Lord Shiva in tantrik ritual for 12 years in his bid to please him. But, as winter came, the water in Kailash turned into snow with no single drop of water remaining any where. AS they had to take bath prior to preceding their tantrik ritual every day, Marichi, at his wit’s end, invoked Brahma.

When Brahma appeared Marichi, together with the Sages and Yogis, implored Brahma to help them cope with the problem. It was then Brahma created Lake Mansarovar, as has been told in holy Hindu scriptures.

KASTHMANDAP – A Pagoda Called Kathmandu(Bird-eye view series of Nepal)

Kasthamandap, the Wooden Pavilion, stands at the southern edge of the Kathmandu Durbar square, in Maru tole. Prominent with its three-tier pagoda rising to 50 feet above a long veranda, it beckons the traveler, as did centuries ago.

What’s in a name? Surely, Kathmandu by any other name would not be Kathmandu. Consider the alternative: Kantipur. It doesn’t have the same resonance. When the three syllables of Kath-man-du roll out of the tongue, they strongly evoke all that is Kathmandu. And there is one building in the city that carries the claim of giving named the city and the Valley.

Kasthamandap, the Wooden Pavilion stands at the southern edge of the Kathmandu Durbar Square, in Maru tole. Prominent with its three-tiered pagoda rising to 50 feet above a long veranda, it beckons the traveler, as it did centuries ago.

In the early mornings, Kasthamandap and its vicinity is a hubbub of activity. AS you walk through from Indrachowk, which is relatively quiet in the morning than afternoons or evenings, you will be surprised at the sudden encounter with noise and people around Kasthamandap. The vegetable farmers of the Valley have already gathered there and staked their claim on a spot to attract buyers. You will see women with small plates containing materials for worship flocking at the Ganesh temple, the most popular ganesh in Kathmandu, immediately to the north of Kasthamandap. Porters are sitting at the southern entrance of the building – smoking, guffawing and waiting for clients.

The porters make way for devotees to go inside Kasthamandap and to pay homage to Gorakhnath in the middle of the ground floor. He is on a raised platform, smeared in auspicious vermillion. The sight of the Kasthamandap area in the early mornings transports you back to its history, when eight centuries ago it was the hub of the Valley.

The birth of Kasthamandap, also known as Maru Sattal, is attributed to King Lakshmi Narasimha Malla, who is said to have built it in 1595 AD. But historians point out that Lakshmi Narasimha Malla was not the ruler of Kathmandu in 1595, and that there is already a reference to Kasthamandap in an inscription going back to 1143 AD. Thus there is evidence that the Kasthamandap was built before the middle of the 12th century. In Nepal’s history, during the period of the Licchavi kings (300-879 AD), Kathmandu was divided into different hamlets. One of these hamlets was Daksinakoli or Yangal, which around the 12th century came to be known by the Sanskrit name, Kasthamandap, or the Wooden Pavilion.

The name came from a curiously large and imposing public rest house. This intimidating Sanskrit name didn’t immediately gain popularity among the residents, but two centuries later the whole of the city came to be referred by this name. Not much a known about the period between the last Licchavi king and the first Malla king in AD 1200 – the very period when Kasthamandap was built – so nothing definite can be said about who exactly built it.

But towards the end of the 18th century, when the Gorkhalis under king Prithvinarayan Shah entered the Valley, the name had been modified to “Kathmandeu”. The Gorkhalis liked the way it sounded and they used the name, which gradually evolved to the present Kathmandu.

The Wooden Pavilion, as kastha means wood and Mandap a pavilion in Sanskrit, comes with the legend that the entire structure was built out of a single giant tree. Moreover, it is also believed that another rest-house a few yards to the south, the Silengu Sattal (which translates as rest-house built out of left-over wood), was constructed from the remaining wood of the same tree. The name Silengu Sattal in time became corrupted into Singah Sattal (lion rest-house). The epithet stuck especially after the installation of figures of lions to adorn its four corners.

Despite the lack of knowledge of its builder, Kasthamandap’s architecture is similar to that of the ubiquitous public shelter built in the Newar style. A dharmasala in its simplest form exists as a pati, not more than a rectangular platform with a roof. It is found abundantly throughout the villages in Nepal. Its close relative is a Mandap, a 16-pillared structure with a roof. A Mandap is usually found in towns and can serve as a town hall and a place where market prices can be exchanged.

All the three stories of Kasthamandap are open hallways that have no dividers for rooms. Unlike and ordinary temple, Kasthamandap has a fairly wide wooden stairway that leads to the first floor and a delicate one leading tow the second floor. This historic building’s construction exhibits that the loads are collected very systematically and distributed through posts and walls to the foundation, demonstrating the strong engineering grasp of the post-Licchavi architects. Four massive wooden posts form the core of the ground floor. The four posts of the first floor also rest on these wooden posts. The second floor, however, has a square of 20 posts that forms the structure. To-shoulder the load of the three pagodas; three is a separate grouping of columns around each of the cores according to the floor with plastered and whitewashed brickwork and unpainted timber. The timber structures, especially the supporting columns, appear to be the oldest in the Valley.

The shrine of Gorakhnath in the ground floor centre was established by King Jaya Sthiti Malla in AD 1379.

The growing importance of Kasthamandap after its formation is attested to by the most ancient inscription in Kasthamandap, dated AD 1333, which announces it as the “building of the three royal families”. The building with its centralized location on the trade route was seen as the combined property of the three separate fiefdoms then existing in the city.

We many never know who built this Wooden Pavilion that has commanded a central location in Kathmandu’s history and geography. Or perhaps, to our delight someday some historian or archaeologist will discover an inscription that clearly spells out the name of the builder. For now our hearts are glad that the namesake of the city still exists in its entirety.

As the sun sets, its red-orange hue falls on the top roof of the building, and also the building across it to the south, the Silengu or Singha Sattal with a lion at each corner. To the east is the Trailokya incarnation. Directly opposite Vishnu, behind Kasthamandap, is the temple of Shiva the Destroyer. To the north-eat of Kasthamandap is the three-storied Maju Degal, again with Shiva. Elephant-headed Ganesh, Shiva’s son, sits to the north of Kasthamandap.

And suddenly, as darkness falls, it appears as if Kasthamandap is surrounded by gods and their consorts guarding and preserving it through the night.

THE LANGTANG NATIONAL PARK - Wildlife In Nepal

BECAUSE OF THE VARIATION IN CLIMATIC CONDITION AND COMPLEX TOPOGRAHHY, VARIOUS FORMS OF FLORA AND FAUNA ARE FOUND HERE. In harmony with the diverse climatic condition, various forms of flora and fauna, National Park is home for about 45 villages.

The Langtang National Park covers an area of 1,710 sq km. It was designated in 1970-71 and gazetted in 1976. This park is situated in Central Himalayan and is the nearest park from Kathmandu. The area extends from 32 km north of Kathmandu to Nepal-China (Tibet) border.

Langtang National park encloses the catchments of the two major river systems, one draining west into the Trisuli river and the other east to the Sun Koshi river. Some of the best climatic conditions of the central Himalaya are experienced in this area. Though cold at higher altitude, the weather during mid-October to mid December and form mid-February until mid-April is pleasant. IN the month between mid April and mid June, the weather becomes warmer but very often cloudy and one can experience repetitive thundershower. Spring flowers are at their best in these months. Summer monsoon lasts until the end of October. Though the day time temperature might be relatively how during the winter months, one could witness snow even in low altitudes

Because of wide variation in climatic condition and complex topography, various forms of flora and fauna are found here. The small area of sub-tropical forest, below 1,000m, temperate oak and pine forests and alpine shrub and grasses are some of the vegetation one could expect in this National Park. Oaks, chir, pine, maple, fir, blue pine, hemlock, spruce and various species of rhododendron are the main forest species found here. Approximately 25% of the total area covers by the national park are forests.

Various kinds of climate condition, complex topography and wide spectrum of existing topography makes home for a wide range of animals in the park. Wild dog, red pandas, pika, muntjack, musk deer, Himalayan black bear, Himalaya tahr, ghoral, serow, rhesus monkey and common langur are some of the commonly seen animals here. During the spring and autumn season, which is the migrating season for the birds, Trishuli and Bhote river in this area serves as an important route.

In harmony with the diverse climatic condition, various forms of flora and faunal, National Park is home for about 45 villages. Population of the Langtang national park could be approximately 4,500 people within 846 household. In total about 3,000 household which equates to 16,200 people are dependent on the resources offered by the park. The park consists of people from several ethnic group, making in all the more interesting culturally. Over the centuries, these ethnic groups have been influencing the natural environment as they have lived in harmony with vegetation animals and birds with in the boundaries of the park. The majority of the people living here are Tamangs, who are traditionally the farmers and cattle bearers or even weavers. Their religion is based on the pre-Buddhist doctrines of the Tibet.

From Kathmandu to Dhunchhe bazaar, there are a number of cars and buses moving daily. A seasonal road reaches Syabrubensi as well. Alternative routes from Kathmandu are to Sundarijan or to Melamchighat via public buses. From either point, trek through Helambu to Gosainkunda via Laurebina pass or cross Ganja La pass (5, 122 m) to reach Langtang Valley.

With the magnificent view of the mountains, Langtang valley offers a spectacular view of glaciers and an opportunity to explore the villages situated in and around the park along with the gombas, the Buddhist monasteries. To visit the monasteries, permission from the monks is required and generally donation is expected.

ADVENTURE TOURISM – Bird-eye view series of Nepal

Nepal offers a year-round calendar of activities and events, as varied as pony treks and elephant back safari, while water kayaking and sport fishing, hang gliding, and hot air ballooning, yoga trekking and attending dramatic festival ceremonies.

TREKKING
Trekking in Nepal is basically backpacking, and can be done in an organized group or on your own. You can contact with a trekking agent for full ‘inclusive’ services, including a guide, cook and porters, plus provision of camp equipment, food and even a bathroom tent and dining table. Such ‘luxury’ trekking invites the first time hiker, the young or elderly, or the any-age vacationer who just wants to walk and enjoy the scenery, and let someone else take care of logistics.
Some more experienced trekkers prefer to ‘tea house trek,’ that is – to carry their own gear and eat and sleep in local lodges.
Then when and where to trek?
Nepal’s great variation in elevation – from 70 to over 8000 meters – and the rain shadow effect of the Himalaya means that trekking is feasible in some part of the country throughout the year. Autumn and spring promise clear weather; spring’s long days and glorious blooms, plus less crowded trails and facilities made it increasingly popular. Low elevation treks, such as around the Kathmandu and Pokhara Valley rims, are delightful during winter when poinsettias are in bloom and mountains are easily visible. Summer rains rarely moisten the western side of some Himalayan ranges, in the upper Kali Gandaki Valley (Muktinath area), for example, or in the newly opened Dolpa region.
Most first-time trekkers choose the Everest (Khumbu) and Annapurna regions, best known, and unquestionably spectacular, for their mountain and village life scenery. There are scores of other areas, however, which also offer close up Himalayan views and a look at traditional life styles… and from a slightly less beaten track. Consult the experts, professional trekking agents to help you decide where to trek. Trekking books describe some of the better known routes, but agents know current conditions and have a retinue of their own favorites. If you still plan to trek on your own without a guide, it is advisable to bike with other trekkers to avoid unnecessary mishaps.

MOUNTAINEEERING
Home of eight of the world’s ten highest peaks, Nepal offers some of the most challenging mountaineering known. Local trekking agents can arrange for permits, staff, transport, food, equipment, and all logistics for large and small expeditions. The Government charges a royalty fee which varies from peak to peak. ‘Trekking peaks,’ peaks of moderate scale (in the 5000 to 6000 meter range), can be, and climbed for a lesser fee.
For those without the time, neither interest nor resources to take on one of the major peaks, there are plenty of opportunities for rock climbing, of all grads and difficulties, along trek routes, and even close to Kathmandu. Several spots in the Kathmandu Valley are already set with pistons. Beginners or experts can test their skills, or learn from the local climbers, some of whom advertise their teaching services.

JUNGLE SAFARI
Some of Nepal’s richest wildlife habitats are now protected as national parks and wildlife reserves, and can be toured by elephant, land rover, and dugout canoe or on foot with licensed guides. Jungle safari agent can arrange tow to three days or longer stays at Chitwan National Park, the most popular wildlife viewing destination, or at one of the reserves out cast or west (Koshi Tappu, Bardia or Sukla Phanta Wildlife Reserves). You’ll see a wide variety of exotic wildlife including the great one horned rhino, sambar and chital deer, gharial, and marsh mugger crocodile, hundreds of bird species and perhaps the king of jungle, the Royal Bengal tiger. Luxury to budget accommodations is available both within and outside the parks.

DAY HIKES
One needn’t stray even a night from five-star comfort to see the ‘real’ Nepal. Half or full day hikes out of Pokhara, Kathmandu or from nearby hilltop resorts such a Dhulikhel, Kakani or Nagarkot can be arranged with a local agent, or plotted with the help of a map and guidebook. Bus or taxi transport is available to all trailheads,. Take along a picnic lunch and drinking water, and enjoy a day in the life of Nepal.

PONY TREKS
Ponies (actually small horses) can be rented for one day or longer in Pokhara and in some mountain area. Trekking agents can plan a full pony trek or short stints to lessen the strain of daily hiking. Several outfits are located in Pokhara.

BIKING
Nepal’s another mode of mountain touring is mountain biking. There are plenty of dirt roads and trails to scenic destinations even close, to Kathmandu. These 15 to 18 gear all terrain bikes can handle almost anything, and make climbing the hills to mountain lookouts a breeze. Mountain bikes are available for rent by the day or longer, on guided trips around the Kathmandu Valley.
One speed Indian bicycles are also readily available.
Motorcycling is a fun, slightly easier way to see the sights, and can be rented for day or longer outings. A driver’s license is required.

RAFTING
Rafting is Nepal is rapidly growing as adventure travelllers’ other favorite sport. In paddle or oar boats, rafters drift lazily through lush tropical gorges, or roller coaster through white water stretches rated up to 7 on the Colorado River rating system. On overnight trips, guests camp on sandy river banks, from where they can explore side canyons and nearby by villages.
Rafting companies operate on eight of Nepal’s major rivers: the Trisuli, Sun Koshi, Karnali, Tama Koshi, Seti Khola, Kali Gandaki, Arun, and Bheri..Trips run 1 to 14 days, and pass through varying types of vegetation, topography and ethnic settlements, some end in the jungle lowlands with a few days’ wildlife safari. October through mid-December and March through early May are the best times to river raft. It is also possible during winter but slightly cold. During monsoon (June through September) white water sections are out but gentler stretches are runnable.

KAYAKING
Though not usually operated on a commercial basis, kayaking expeditions are organized by experienced international river runners who find the Himalayan white water yet another arena in which to play. Several first run expeditions have earned respect for surviving hair-raising descents. A few agencies can arrange to rent kayaks on a daily basis; but most paddlers bring their own craft. For more information on kayaking in Nepal, contact the rafting agencies.

HUNTING
Since the early 19th century, Nepal has been a favored ground for game hunters. The thrill of scouting out big game amidst the spectacular Himalayan scenery still draws the confirmed marksman. Organized hunting parties tramp (or helicopter) into high terrain areas in search of the Himalayan tahr and the blue sheep. Mid-elevation prizes include wild goat and sheep; in th Terai lowlands deer are sough. Hunting in Nepal is permitted only in designated areas, and hunting parties must be accompanied by a licensed guide.

BOATING/WINDSURFING
Pokhara’s Phewa Lake is th e most accessible lake for recreational boating. Set in lush tropical valley, with a backdrop of the Annapurna range not 25 km away, Phewa Lake is Pokhara’s prime attraction for photographers, boaters and shore side stroller. Spend an hour or a day rowing (or being rowed by one of the local boatmen) throughout the many inlets, with a visit to the Varahi island temple. Fishing and swimming are also possible.
From time to time, windsurfing boards are available on hire from one of the lakeside hotels or vendors. By afternoon, winds usually rise enough to fill a sail. For information, inquire locally.

SPORT FISHING
Sport fishing, like hunting, is not well advertised in Nepal, but is possible and rewarding. Approximately 118 varieties of fresh water fish live in this Himalayan water. Mahaseer is the most commonly sought sport fish, besides mountain stream trout-like varieties and lowland water species. Anglers can try their luck in Pokhara’s crystal clear lakes or in west Nepal’s Bardia Wildlife Reserve where Karnali Tented Camp and Lodge organized guided fishing trips. While trekking or rafting, bring along your pole, or give the locals’ methods a try with a bamboo pole or crude fish trap. Some trekking or travel agencies also organize fishing trips in streams close to Kathmandu.

SOARING
Lofty minded adventures have know to soar through the Himalaya, and even from the tops of the highest mountains, on artificial wings. Some try hot air balloons; others hang gliders, para planes and even micro lights, with mixed success. Some hang gliders have sailed from Sarankot (Pokhara); ballooners have flown close to Everest and now a para planer has sailed from the top of Everest.
Commercial ballooning has great potential, with fabulous views if staircase terraces and barbet snowy peaks, but is not yet available to the general public. Please check on what permits are required before proceeding with soaring or sailing plans.

MOUNTAIN FLIGHTS/CHARTERS
Buddha Air offers several mountain flights daily from Kathmandu within camera shutter range of the world’s highest peaks. The hour long trip and offers passengers a close-up view of Everest, among other giants.
Helicopters and airplanes are available for charter use. STOL (short take off and landing) air strips are located throughout the country, in remote regions from Simikot in the west to Taplejung in the east, both tail heads to newly opened trekking areas. Charter trail heads to newly open trekking areas. Charter service is available for group treks and expeditions.

CULTURAL TOURS
For the les sport-minded though not less adventurous traveler, Nepal offers untold opportunities to witness (and sometimes participate in) festible celebrations. Monsoon season is alive with dance scenes, parades and religious fests; a pilgrimage trek to Gosaikund alpine lakes combines trekking with festivities. Autumn trekkers can enjoy the colorful Mani Rimdu dance performance at Tengboche (Khumbu), Some groups organize treks to practice yoga, to bird-watch, to study ecology, or historical places. Others arrange cross-cultural exchanges for students, or litter clean-up campaigns with local inhabitants.

National Parks and Wildlife Reserves – Part IV – Bird-eye view series of Nepal (This will be presented in 4 parts in this series)

There are 16 national parks, wildlife reserves and conservation areas in Nepal, occupying over 16% of its total area. Trekking permits are necessary to trek in the national parks located in the mountains

13. ROYAL SUKLAPHANTA WILDLIFE RESERVE (305 sq km) was until recently a royal hunting domain. It is dominated by sal trees associated with asna, semal, karma, khair, and sissoo sub-species and phanta grasslands. A prime habitat for the swamp deer, it is also home to the wild elephant, tiger, hispid hare, blue bull, leopard, chital, hog deer, and wild boar, along with over 300 species of birds. Reptiles include the marsh mugger, Indian python, monitor lizard, cobra, krait, and rat snake.
Activities: Wildlife viewing on elephant-back
Accommodation: Jungle lodges
Access: Fly or drive to Mahendranagar (695 km Kathmandu)
Best season: Feb-Mar (22-25 degrees Celsius); Dec-Jan (cold, foggy), Apr-Jun (hot, up to 42 degrees)
Reserve headquarters: Majhgaon, Kanchanpur; Tel: 099-521309

14. SAGARMATHA NATIONAL PARK (1,148 sq km) includes the great Himalayan peaks of Everest, Lhotse, Cho Oyu, Nuptse, and other giants. It is the land of the Sherpas. Broken into the gorges and glacial valleys, the park has vegetation graduating from pine, hemlock, fir, juniper, birch, rhododendrons, and scrubs to alpine plants and then to bare rock and snow. This is home to the Himalayan tahr, ghoral, serow, and musk deer. Common birds are the impeyan pheasant, red-billed chough and the yellow-billed chough. Elevation ranges from 2,845 m to 8,848 m.
Activities: Trekking, mountaineering
Accommodation: Resort hotels, lodges, camping
Access: Two-day walk from Lukla which is 30 minutes by air from Kathmandu.
Best season: Oct-Nov and Mar-May; Dec-Feb (snow, daytime temperature
5 degrees Celsius), Jun-Sep (rainy)
Park headquarters: Mandalphu, Namche Bazaar; Tel; 038-640114

15. SHEY-PHOKSUNDO NATIONAL PARK (3,555 sq km) comprises high mountain and trans-Himalayan ecosystems. It covers parts of Dolpa, the famed land of yak caravans, and salt traders. The lifestyle and culture of the local people remind one of Tibet. The park’s centerpiece is Lake Phoksundo (also known as Ringmo). Forests of blue pine, spruce, cypress, popular, deodar, fir, and birch are found here. It is a prime habitat for the snow leopard, wolf, jackal, and black bear. The place is equality rich in many kinds of birds.
Activities: Trekking, mountaineering
Accommodation: Camping
Access: Fly to Dolpa’s Jufal airport from Nepalgunj of Pokhara and then a three-day walk
Best season: Mar-May (high passes may still be covered with winter snow)
and Jun-Sep (clear weather)
Park headquarters: Seduwa

16. Shivapuri National Park (144 sq km) is situated on the hill of Shivapuri to the north of the Kathmandu. This is an easily accessible destination for viewing orchids, rhododendrons, pines, utisa trees as well as many medicinal and herbal plants. Rising to a height of 2,732 m, Shivapuri is home to the sloth bear, langur monkey, leopard, barking deer, and many species of birds.
Activities: Hiking, rock climbing, bird watching
Access: 11 km to the north of Kathmandu, taxi or bus
Beast season: Sep-Jun; Jul-Aug (rainy)
Park headquarters: Shivapuri; Tel: 4371644

National Parks and Wildlife Reserves – Part III – Bird-eye view series of Nepal (This will be presented in 4 parts in this series)

There are 16 national parks, wildlife reserves and conservation areas in Nepal, occupying over 16% of its total area. Trekking permits are necessary to trek in the national parks located in the mountains

9. PARSA WILDLIFE RESERVE (499 sq km) encompasses hills and Terai flatlands and has a sub-tropical monsoon climate. About 90% of the area is sal forests, with chir pine, khair, sisoo, and silk cotton trees, and tall grasslands making up the rest. The reserve supports wild elephant, tiger, leopard, sloth bear, gaur, blue bull, wild dog, sambar, chital, hog deer, barking deer, langur, and striped hyena. Cobras, kraits, and pythons are also found here. There are nearly 300 species of birds, including the giant hornbill.
Activities: Jungle safari on elephant-back, jungle walk, jeep drive
Access: Fly to Simara from Kathmandu (15 minutes) and then by road to the reserve headquarters (7 km), or overland all the way from Kathmandu
(150 km via Heatuda)
Best season: Oct-Mar; Apr-Jun (hot, 30-35 degrees Celsius), Jul-Sep (monsoon)
Reserve headquarters: Adhabar

10. RARA NATIONAL PARK (106 sq km) has its gem in Rara, Nepal’s biggest lake (10.8 sq km) at 2,990 m! The park is situated in the high mountain region, of it at an elevation of about 3,000 m. There are coniferous forests of blue pine, black juniper, West Himalayan spruce, oak, and Himalayan cypress, as well as Indian horse-chestnut, walnut, and Himalaya poplar. It is an ideal habitat for the musk deer, Himalayan black bear, leopard, ghoral, Himalayan tahr, and the wild boar.
Activities: Trekking
Access: Fly to Jumla from Kathmandu via Nepalgunj and then a three-day walk, or by bus from Nepalgunj to Surkhet (114 km) and then a week’s walk
Best season: Feb-Apr and Oct-Nov
Park headquarters: Hutu

11. ROYAL BARDIA NATIONAL PARK (968 sq km) is the largest and most undisputed wilderness area in the Terai lowlands. It is a regenerated habitat for endangered species like the rhinoceros, wild elephant, tiger, swamp deer, black buck, gharial crocodile, and Gangatic dolphin. Cobras, kraits, and pythons are also found here. Endangered birds include the Bengal floricans, silver-eared mesia, and Sarus crane. The local people are mainly Tharus.
Activities: Jungle safari on elephant-back, jungle walk, boat ride, jeep drive
Access: Three hours by jeep (95 km) from Nepalgunj which is 1 hour 10 minutes by air or 531 km by road from Kathmandu
Best season: Oct-Mar, Apr-Jun (hot, up to 45 degrees Celsius), Jul-Sep (rainy)
Park headquarters: Thakurdwar; Tel: 084-429719

12. ROYAL CHITWAN NATIONAL PARK (932 sq km) is located in the subtropical lowlands and consists of sal trees, tall grasslands, hills, or-bow lakes, and flood plains. Over 50 species of mammals, 55 species amphibians and reptiles, and 525 species of birds are found here. Animals include the one-horned rhino, Bengal tiger, gaur, wild elephant, antelope, stripped hyena, pangolin, gharial crocodile, and the Gangatic dolphin. Cobra, kraits, pythons are also found here. There are many Tharu villages adjoining the park.
Activities: Jungle safari on elephant-back, jungle walk, canoe ride, jeep drive
Accommodation: Resort hotels and lodges
Access: The park headquarters at Kasara is a 21-km drive from Bharatpur which is 20 minutes by air or 146 km by road from Kathmandu
Best season: Oct-Feb (average temperature 25 degrees Celsius); Mar-Jun (hot, up to 43 degrees), Jul-Sep (rainy)
Park headquarters: Kasara; Tel: 056-521932

SHUKLAPHANTA WILDLIFE RESERVE - EXPLORING THE UNKOWN

In the southern part of far-western Nepal, in Kanchanpur district, lies the Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve. Like Chitwan and Bardia National Park, this reserve is a flood plain of the Sarda River on the southwestern edge of Nepal and people of the Tharu ethnicity primarily inhabit this area.

This Park was designated as a Royal Hunting Reserve back in 1969. In 1976, an area of 155 sq km was gazetted as the Royal Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve to protect Nepal’s last remaining herd of Swamp deer (Cervus duvaucelli). Today the extended reserve covers an area of 305 sq km.

Though 150 sq km was added to the 155 sq km reserve two decades ago, the plan to extend was pending for a long time. Recently, however, the first step to link the wildlife reserve to other forested areas along the foothill of Chure Range has been completed.

The major tourist attractions within its distinctive and contrasting interior are the forests, grasslands, lakes, streams, river, and an abundant wildlife which find within the reserve numerous habitats. On a clear day, to the north, Nanda Devi Himal can also be seen.

The name “Sukla Phanta”, meaning ‘the plain grassland’, has marsh vegetation which dominates the wetland areas. The major species of this reserve are Imperate cylindrical and Saccharum heteropogon contortus, used extensively by the local people for thatching. This grassland is controlled by burning to help produce a suitable habitat for the swamp deer and the task of protecting the Swamp deer, has been a major accomplishment. The grassy and swampy land makes for the perfect Swamp deer habitat and an estimated population of 2000-2500 of this species is found in the reserve.

Apart from grassland, this varied reserve supports a great variety of forests consisting mainly of predominantly Sal trees associated with Asna, Simal, Karma, Khair and Sisoo trees that are found along the riverside area.

The reserve is also home to other endangered species like Asian Elephants, which number around 45-50 and about 32 Royal Bengal tigers. This area has had many elephant sightings, mostly at according to a study, the Shuklaphanta Reserve is known for the presence of Nepal’s biggest Tiger – with a 17 – centimeter paw-print. Other mammals that are found in the reserve are antelopes, leopards, Blue bull, barking deer, hog deer, spotted deer, wild boar, Hispid hare, Jackals, Langur, and the Rhesus monkey. Currently there is also sole Rhinoceros in the reserve.

Waterfowl in large numbers can also be seen there along with other birds. Bird lovers will be delighted with the prospects of seeing about 268 species of birds here and many grassland birds such as Sarus Crane, Swam Francolin, grass Owl, Warbiers, Flycatchers along with the endangered Bengal floricans can be seen in the reserve. In terms of aquatic life, a total of 21 species of fish including the Mahaseer, Rohu, and Tenger have been recorded in the reserve. A wide variety of reptiles like the Marsh mugger, Indian Python, Monitor lizard, crocodiles along with snakes like the cobra, krait, rattle snake are also an important feature of the Shuklaphantta ecosystem.

Within the reserve there are a number of man-made waterholes, which have been created to attract animals away from the poaching prone Mahakali River and to improve habitat. Much of Suklaphanta’s wildlife and birdlife visit these areas. The areas surrounding the waterholes are great for sighting footprints and offer visitors the opportunity to learn about these animals – even if they do not get to actually see them. The Salgaudi Lake is an extremely beautiful example of such waterholes and has an abundance of birdlife. There is a Machan (view tower) from where one can see a variety of animals like egrets, herons, storks, eagles, and one can often see herds of elephants as this area is true elephant country.

Another attractive natural lake here is Rani Taal, nestled in the forest of the reserve. The viewing tower there provides an opportunity to view many wildlife habitats together with the scenic beauty of the lake. Near Rani Taal lies the ancient Temple of Singphal, one of the incarnations of Lord Shiva. During the Dashian festival, Hindus visit this temple to worship Singphal.

The reserve had three main seasons. It experiences dry weather from October through early April with warm and pleasant days and cool nights. Between April and June the temperature rises up to 40 degree Celsius and the hot sticky days of summers are followed by monsoon rain which last till September/

In order to enter the park, Nepalese Nationals pay an entry of NRs 20, for SAARC Nationals it is NRs 200, and for other foreign nationals it is
NRs 500. Entrance fee is not required for children under 10 years of age. The reserve is against illegal purchase of animal and plants products and has a strict rule requiring disposing of rubbish only in designated area.

There is currently only a single hotel operating so far within the reserve and it is situated on the bank of Bahuni Nadi (river) but other hotels outside the reserve can be found in Mahendranagar. The Elephant Camp is located in Pipriya while Majgaon, a beautiful village enroute to Shuklaphanta, is worth staying at. Elephant rides can also be arranged in Majgaon. It is advisable to carry a comprehensive first-aid-kit including medicines for intestinal problems as medical aid sometimes be hard to come by.

In terms of getting there, it is accessible by road from any part of the country and from India. A night bus from Kathmandu takes about 18 hours to reach Mahendranagar from where the reserves headquarter is some eight km south-west. Flights can also be taken from Kathmandu to Dhangadi from where it takes about one and a half hour bus ride to the reserve. There is no regular public transportation to the headquarters but local rickshaws, tempos and jeeps are available.

Shuklaphanta has much to offer, yet it is Nepal’s least accessible natural reserves with little current tourism development. Its relatively low popularity among the western tourists can be attributed partially to its lack of tourists’ amenities, the relatively small size of the reserve and the limited coverage it receives in the tourism advertisements. Which means that this area, Shuklaphanta, a veritable Jewel in the West of Nepal, remains relatively unrecognized for its potential or worth?

National Parks and Wildlife Reserves – Part II – Bird-eye view series of Nepal (This will be presented in 4 parts in this series)

There are 16 national parks, wildlife reserves and conservation areas in Nepal, occupying over 16% of its total area. Trekking permits are necessary to trek in the national parks located in the mountains.

5. KOSHI TAPPU WILDLIFE RESERVE (175 sq km) is situated in the Terai lowlands. The vegetation here is mainly wetland grass-land, scrub, and deciduous forests. The reserve is unique for its wild ama buffaloes. Other mammals are the hog deer, wild boar, spotted deer, and blue bull. Over 350 species of birds including ibises, storks, egrets, herons, swamp partridges, and Bengal floricans are found here. The endangered gharial, marsh crocodile, and Gangatic dolphin are also recorded in the Koshi river.
Activities: Game viewing, bird watching
Accommodation: Tented camp
Access: 90-minute drive (40 km) from Biratnagar which is 50 minutes by air or 541 km by road from Kathmandu
Best season: Oct-Mar; Apr-Jun (hot); Jul-Sep (rainy)
Reserve headquarters: Kusaha; Tel: 025-521488

6. LANGTANG NATIONAL PARK (1,710 sq km) encompasses high mountain and high Himalaya terrain. About one-fourth of the park is forest – oaks, maple, rhododrondon, chir pine, fir, blue pine, hemlock, and spruce. The holy Gosaikund lake is situated here. The animals found here are the wild dog, Himalayan red panda, pika, muntjack, musk deer, Himalayan black deer, Himalayan tahr, ghoral, serow, rhesus monkey, and the common langur. This region is also an important route for migrating birds. The majority of the local inhabitants here are Tamang and Sherpas.
Activities: Trekking, mountaineering
Accommodation: Lodges, camping
Access: From Dhunche which is 117 km by road from Kathmandu
Best season: Oct-Nov and Mar-May (cold at higher elevation); Jun-Sep (monsoon), Dec-Feb (snow)
Park headquarters: Dhunche

7. MAKALU-BARUN NATIONAL PARK AND CONSERVATION AREA (1,500 sq km national park + 830 sq km conservation area = 2,330 sq km) extends from high mountains to the high Himalaya. The elevation ranges from 500 to over 8,000 m. Most of this protected area is remote wilderness. It offers more than 3,000 species of flowering plants. Wildlife includes the endangered red panda, musk deer, Himalayan black deer, clouded leopard, and possibly the snow leopard too. Over 400 species of birds thrive here. Majority of the people living in the conservation area belong to the Rai community.
Activities: Trekking, mountaineering
Accommodation: Camping
Access: Fly to Tumlingtar from Kathmandu (one hour) and then a six-day walk.
Best season: Oct-Nov and Mar-Apr; Apr-May (hot at lower elevations), Jun-Sep (monsoon)
Park headquarters: Seduwa; Tel: 029-560137, 560236

8. MANASLU CONSERVATION AREA (1,663 sq km) is situated in a remote area to the north of Gorkha, home of the original Gorkha soldiers. It encompasses the seventh highest mountain in the world, Mt. Manaslu
(8,156 m). The environment is middle mountain to high Himalaya, and supports 2,000 species of plants with the Assamese monkey have been sighted here. There are 110 species of birds. The region has strong Tibetan cultural influences.
Activities: Trekking, mountaineering
Accommodation: Camping, lodges
Access: By bus to Dhading (87 km from Kathmandu) or to Besi Sahar
(106 km from Pokhara) and then walking
Best season: Autumn and spring
Park headquarters: Prok

LORD GORAKHNATH – PATRON SAINT OF GORKHA

Lord Gorakhnath is worshipped as the patron saint and tutelary deity of Gorkha and the Royal House of the Shahs. Many are the stories and legends spun around this enigmatic figure called Gorakhnath, but the most interesting is the one where he remembers his pledge to return to Nepal and fill in the empty husks of rice paddy as he is a reincarnation of Lord Narayan, who had so promised at some earlier time.

Gorkha and the Gurkhas have been topics of much discussion for so many years. Much has been written about the citadel of Gorkha, synonymous to Prithivi Narayan Shah and his unification campaigns and about those hardy and cheerful foot-soldiers of his steam-rolling army, the Gurkhas. But, in spite of so much elucidation, it is rather strange that no one seems to be certain about Gorkha’s Christening.

The key to these inquires is, ‘Lord Gorknath’ and a follow-up question – who was Lord Gorakhnath? This question on dissection may provide us an insight into the origin of Gorkha, its royal dynasties, and people.

Although we do not posses much evidence in the form of recorded history pertaining to the personage of Lord Gorakhnath, the bits and pieces that are available, indicate that he was a wonder-worker-cum-master Yogi of
north-western India around 1200 AD. He is believed to be the founder and extraordinary Guru – spiritual leader – of the Saivite Sect of ascetics – who are called Gorakhnathis and rudely known as Kanphattas. These Gorakhnathis or Kanphattas can be easily distinguished by their split ear-lobes through which are huge large, thick, and uncommon ear-rings. Thus the appellation Kanphatta – ‘Kan’ or ear and ‘phatta’ or split.

When we do visit Gorkha, which is approximately 142 km due west of Kathmandu, we can catch a first-hand glimpse of the alleged cave of Lord Gorakhnath situated below the Durbar’s ground –level on the south-side. A look through the windows, which face south, reveal the offerings of various sized ‘Trisuls’ – tridents, marks of Lord Shiva-standing-up against the wall in front and the cave to the left under an overhanging slanted rock. Inside the cave is a small, approximately one square foot white marble stele on which is carved the figure of Lord Gorakhnath, seated in the Lotus posture.

To the east of the Durbar Complex and across the Bhanjyang (path) and across the collection of rocks on top of which can be seen a prints and facing west towards the Durbar alleged to be those of Lord Gorakhnath himself.

Lord Gorakhnath is worshipped as the patron saint and tutelary deity of Gorkha and the Royal House of Shahs. Many are the stories and legends spun around this enigmatic figure called Gorakhnath, but the most interesting is the one where he remembers his pledge to return to Nepal and fill in the empty husks of rice paddy as he is a reincarnation of Lord Narayan, who had so promised at some earlier time.

While on his way to Nepal, he came across a wine shop and had a bet with the female owner, that he could drink-up all her wine stock. Though Lord Gorakhnath drank a great deal of wine, he could not finish the whole stock, thus losing the bet. Doubtful at the dead of night, Lord Gorakhnath went to inspect the wine store and discovers, that the girl had been aided by the Nags who were coiled around the barrels, thus making the wine strong unabling Lord Gorakhnath to consume it totally. Feeling cheated, Lord Gorakhnath then flew into a rage and binding the nine Nags responsible, with his mystical powers, took them to Mrigasthali – present day Gueshwari jungle close to Pashupatinath Temple – and sat there in deep meditation. This temporary imprisonment of the nine Nags of Nepal – the Kathmandu Valley – caused a severe drought which lasted for twelve years. To alleviate this crises, it was suggested that Lord Matsyendranath be brought to Nepal so as to break Lord Gorakhnath’s meditation, as Lord Matsyendranath was Lord Gorakhnath’s Guru and Lord Gorakhnath would automatically rise to salute him. Resulting in the release of nine Nagas – the harbingers of the monsoon rains to the Valley – and ultimately ending the dreadful drought. This is what seems to have happened and once again, the arid and desolate landscape was transformed into the verdant and fertile land of milk and honey. Simultaneously the rice paddy husks were filled, fulfilling the pledge of Lord Narayan through Lord Gorakhnath.

The stories and legends that abound do suggest Lord Gorakhnath to be a superhuman. Gorkha seems to have actually derived its name from Gorakhnath, an eminent saint living in a cave, under an overhanging rock, which exist to this day in a hill on which the fortress palace of Gorkha has been constructed. Another place, that has trace of Lord Gorakhnath, is an hour ride by bus east of Kathmandu city, called Panauti, which lies at the base of the Mahabharat Lekh of hills. It is a small farming settlement, with a lot to see in terms of art and architecture, founded within the V of two rivers the Vywar and the Rosee – flowing down from the south and north respectively, joining at Panauti. North of the river junction is a small hillock known as ‘Dalin Chock’ covered with coniferous pines. It is on the top of this hill that a white marble image of Lord Gorakhnath a newly commissioned sculptured in base-relief, can be seen inside a house. It depicts Lord Gorakhnath in the Dhyana Mudra or Lotus posture. He has four hands, the upper ones holding the ‘Dambaroo’ and the ‘Trisul’– marks of Lord Shiva and the lower hands hold the beads and a book – symbols of learning and concentration and is on a flat marble stele approximately 3 sq feet. It can be noticed that his ear is also split and holds a pair of large earring like those of the Gorakhnathis, his disciples.

It is said to be an emanation of Lord Shiva himself, giving way to the belief that he is in reality Lord Shiva in another form. This image has been newly commissioned since the original one established by King Prithivi Narayan Shah has been vandalized and not perceived around here. The place where this image is housed is in reality a ‘patti’ which is also not the original one, but based on the foundation of the original one. The foundation of the original temple can be discerned in the open space in front where some images are kept for ‘pooja’, and in the centre, on a double stone footprints of Lord Gorakhnath. Inside too is a similar pair near the marble image.

When legends are consulted, we come across a story where King Prithivi Narayan Shah wanted blessing from Lord Gorakhnath before setting out on his unification campaign. He was told to hold out something since Lord Gorakhnath wanted to vomit. The King held out his cupped hands in which Lord Gorakhnath puked a foul smelling mess. The stench nauseated the King who released this mess on to his feet. Then Lord Gorakhnath blessed him saying, ‘you shall conquer till where your feet reach’. Accordingly, the King reached only till Panauti and so erected a Temple in the name of Lord Gorakhnath.

Lord Gorakhnath has been deified gradually down the ages and he frequently appears, disappears and again re-appears in legends, thus popularizing his name in religion and is thought of as a representative by some, and an embodiment by others, of Lord Shiva.

It is a subject of great controversy within the religious scriptures as to how Lord Gorakhnath received his name and thought legends are aplenty, none can be assumed to be correct and actual. One version has it that the formless creator, from the perspiration of his body, gave life to Lord Gorakhnath. Another says: in ‘Ghor – nath’, ‘Ghor’ means filth or it may mean intense, terrific, fearful and refers to his austerities. Yet another explains that more definitely his name ‘Goraksanatha’ may mean ‘Lord of Cattle or ‘Lord of Goraksa’, suggesting Lord Shiva on one hand and Gorkha on the other.

Lord Gorakhnath’s perfection in ascetic practices or Yoga, was reason enough to have supposedly imbued him with extraordinary powers of super-human dimensions. The detection of Manakamana Mai’s reincarnation in the queen of Gorkha was also due to his fantastic Yogic powers. All these attest to his being granted a status, sometimes equal to and at other times, even above, Lord Shiva himself.

National Parks and Wildlife Reserves – Part I – Bird-eye view series of Nepal (This will be presented in 4 parts in this series)

NEPAL - WILDLIFE RESERVE

There are 16 national parks, wildlife reserves and conservation areas in Nepal, occupying over 16% of its total area. Trekking permits are necessary to trek in the national parks located in the mountains

1. ANNAPURNA CONSERVATION AREA PROJECT – ACAP (7,629 sq km) encompasses forested middle mountains, high Himalaya and trans-Himalayan desert plateau ecosystems. The area is dominated by Annapurna (8, 091 m), the 10th highest mountain in the world. Schima and chestnut trees are found in the subtropical forests between 1,000-2,000 m which give way to rhododendron, oak, hemlock, and silver fir as you ascend to the temperate zone (1,700-3000 m). Rhesus monkeys, yellow-throated marten, and Himalayan weasels are some of the wildlife commonly encountered. Birds include the Himalaya griffon, lammergeyer, forktail, redstart, thrush, and kingfisher. Gurung, Magar, Thakali, and Brahmin villages dot the lower elevations. The Tibetan cultural influence becomes stronger as you go north.
Activities: Trekking, mountaineering.
Accommodation: Resort hotels, lodges, camping.
Access: From Pokhara which is 202 km by road or 30 minutes by air from Kathmandu.
Best season: Spring and autumn in the southern region and summer in the northern region.
ACAP headquarters: Hariyo Kharka, Pokhara; Tel: 061-521102

2. DHORPATAN HUNTING RESERVE (1,325 sq km) extends from the middle mountains to the high Himalaya. Pasturelands cover the higher elevations while fir, pine, birch, rhododrondon, hemlock, oak, juniper, and spruce are found in the lower elevations. The reserve attracts sports hunters for the blue sheep and Himalayan Tahr. Other animals found here are the leopard, ghoral, serow, Himalayan black bear, barking deer, and wild boar. Pheasants and partridges are common here. The majority of the people in the region belong to the Magar, Thakali, and Gurung ethnic groups.
Activities: Trophy hunting, game viewing.
Accommodation: Camping.
Access: Four days’ walk from Baglung which is 72 km from Pokhara by road.
Best season: March-April, Oct-Sep (monsoon), Dec-Feb (cold, windy, snow).
Reserve headquarters: Dhorpatan.

3. KANCHENJUNGA CONSERVATION AREA (2,035 sq km) includes middle mountains and the high Himalaya. It offers high alpine vegetation and a variety of rhododrondon, fir, hemlock, and oak trees. The area is rich in wildlife, notably the snow leopard, clouded leopard, blue sheep, Himalayan tahr, marmot, and weasel. Kanchenjunga, the third highest mountain in the world at 8,586 m, straddles the border between Nepal and India. This region is the home of the Limbu people.
Activities: Trekking, mountaineering
Accommodating: Tea houses, camping
Access: Spring and autumn
Park headquarters: Lelep

4. KHAPTAD NATIONAL PARK (225 sq km) consists of middle and high mountains with an average elevation of 3,000 m. The vegetation ranges from sub-tropical forests at lower altitudes to grasslands and oak and coniferous forests on the uplands. The fauna includes the leopard, yellow-throated marten, black deer, musk deer, ghoral, and Himalayan tahr. Some of the birds found here are the pheasants, partridge, red- and yellow-billed blue magpie and Himalayan griffon. The ashram of Khaptad Swami is located inside the park.
Activities: Trekking
Accommodation: Camping
Access: Fly to Dipayal from Nepalgunj and then a three-day walk
Best season: Mar-May and Oct-Nov (10-20 degrees Celsius); Jun-Sep (rainy), Dec-Feb (snow)
Park headquarters: Khaptad

DHULIKHEL - Bird-eye view series of Nepal

The hill resort of Dhulikhel lies 32 km to the east of Kathmandu on the Arniko Highway that leads Tibet. In the old days, Dhulikhel flourished as a trading centre handling commerce between Kathmandu and Lhasa. Today, it delights visitors with its enchanting cultural heritage and stunning Himalayan views.

THE TOWN

Dhulikhel (population 20,000) and altitude 1,440 m) is a small town with a long history with a long history. Records show that it has been around for more than 500 years. Streets are lined with bare-brick houses, carved wooden windows, sloping tile roofs, pagoda temples, and sacred statues everywhere; you will think you have wandered into a cultural theme park.
The major places of worship here are Narayan and Harisiddi temples, which are adorned with profuse wood carvings. The Gokhureswar Mahadev temple, a 30-minute walk to the eastern part of town, is a peaceful and scenic spot. The Bhagawati temple is situated at a height in the western part of Dhulikhel and dominates the skyline. From here, you can get a beautiful vista of the town and surrounding areas.

THE VIEW

There are many vantage points in Dhulikhel which offer a panorama of the Himalaya that will leave you spellbound. Looking out over low hills and valleys, the mountains rise up in an extended arc stretching from the far left to the far right. More than 20 Himalayan peaks, including Annapurna (8,091 m), Ganesh (7,429 m), Langtang (7,234 m),
Phurbi-Chachu (6,637 m), Gauri Shanker (7,134 m), and Lhotse (8,516 m) can be seen in all their glory. You should get up early in the morning to watch the first rays of the sun hit the summits and their colors change. Sunset views are equally spectacular.

ACTIVITIES

The most popular activity for visitors in Dhulikhel is doing nothing. For something more strenuous, I recommend bird watching. You can sit back in your hotel garden and admire the winged creatures fluttering from tree to tree. The forests around Dhulikhel harbor many species of exotic birds.

For adventurers, there’s hiking around the countryside, visiting nearby pilgrimage sites and mountain biking. The shrine of Namo Buddha, where the Buddha in a past life is said to have offered his own flesh to a starving tigress, is four-five hours on foot. Rafting on the Sun Koshi river, 25 km away, is another diversion.

Unveil the mystery of Tilicho Lake – Bird-eye view series of Nepal

The Annapurna circuit is one of the most famous trekking destinations in the world. It offers tourists who come to Nepal opportunities to trek within Himalayan ranges, along trails that take one as high as 5,416 meters at the Thorang-La pass; and at the foot of the pass, at a height of 4,919 m, lies the mysterious Tilicho lake.

This lake is located at an elevation that makes it the highest in the world. Crystal clear and emerald green, it sits quietly below Tilicho peak, which towers above at 7,132 m. It is off the main trekking route, but is actually quite a spectacular side trip for the experienced trekker, and serves the additional purpose of providing two or three days of acclimatization in and around Manang, prior to going over Thorang La. Some glaciologists believe that Tilicho lake in its unique geographical location, situated in an area protected by Tilicho peak as well as the Annapurna Range, has allowed a unique phenomenon to occur. The lake according to them is positioned in a natural cavity between the mountains, which has left it pretty much as it was before the ice age.

The Tilicho trail starts from Manang, and takes around three days to reach and should only be undertaken by well equipped and experienced parties. The Tilicho route has some sections that crosses massive boulder fields. However, most important fact is that one has to remain at high attitude for considerable period of time. Once one has ascended and crossed the rim around the lake, there is no quick way down in case, one is suddenly struck by the acute mountain sickness and timing is extremely important. As a large section of the trail is at high attitudes and it is necessary to camp high one has to be properly acclimatized, or allow time for it. One needs to have excellent camping gear, food, and clothing for high altitude on this trail.

The trail out of Manang descends to a wooden bridge spanning the Marsyandi river, climbs to a long flat ridge leading into a beautiful pine forest, and finally descends to another wooden bridge across the Kangsar Khola – before climbing up to Kangsar
(3,700 m) where there are two small lodges. From Kangsar, there are three trails to Tilicho Base Camp, taking 4-6 hours, depending on the trail.

The shortest, and usually least dangerous path descends from Kangsar to the river, crosses a metal suspension bridge, and follows the riverbank through wooded areas. Unfortunately, this path can be blocked by landslides, or high river water. It is best to ask the locals in Kangsar about trail conditions. After about 3 hours walking up-river, you cross a primitive bridge, ascend steeply, and follow the ridge along a path to Tilicho Base Camp.

The seconds path from Kangsar arrives after about two hours at Gompa, which is an interesting place to visit. A short distance from Gompa (monastery), the path enters a wide crossing over a landslide of very fine scree at an extremely steep angle. It is a dangerous path, and in places, the path actually disappears. This trail should only be taken by experienced trekkers who have crossed scree landslides before. Eventually, this path joins up with the lower path.
The third trail rises steeply and circuitously, and takes about two hours longer. It descends rapidly down a switchback landslide into Tilicho Base Cam, at about 4,300 m. From Tilicho Base Camp, the path continues up along moraine ridges and grassy slopes to some large switchbacks carved out on the slope till you reach a watershed. On the other side is Tilicho Lake. It is not possible to go around the edges of the lake, so it is best to ascend to a ridge at 5,000 m, overlooking Tilicho lake. Campsites are also found on its north eastern shore.

At the lake, one often feels symptoms of altitude sickness like shortness of breath, exhaustion, headache, etc. Staying at the lake for more than an hour is not a comfortable experience so it is best to descend quickly to the base camp within an hour. One can also descend to the base camp at Manang on the lower path, which is another four hours plus. Another option is to make the trip from Base Camp to the Tilicho Lake and return to Manang in one long, rather tiring day. From Kangsar at Manang, you can also go straight to Thorang La and descend either to Muktinath (eight hours) or walk another three hours to Jomsom from there.

There are two possible passes from Tilicho Lake to Jomsom, the first one is the Meso Kanto La (pass), which unfortunately leads to a restricted military training area. An alternative option is to cross and find the traverse to Thini. Going that way will bypass the restricted area and solve this problem. The crux is that the west slope of Meso Kanto La is very steep. When it is snow covered, it may at best be an excruciating snow trudge but it can also be avalanche prone or not negotiable at all without crampons, ice axe, and ropes. Snow and ice can be expected there from early September to May. The second trail is famous among tourists and is known as the Tourist La (pass). As the name suggests, this is much easier to negotiate and from the passs trekkers have a view far into Tibet and Mustang.

The start of the Tilicho trail is common to the Annapurna circuit trail or one can take flight from Pokhara to Jomsom. The best seasons to visit Tilicho lake are June, July, and August. But, during the monsoon season, Tilicho is at its best, when other areas are experiencing rain. It is freezing cold between October to May and snow, which rarely melts, can fall any time. Furthermore, one has to cross some steep slopes that are avalanche prone when snow covered.

The lake is said to be very deep, besides being extremely cold, and there are stories of a few people who came years ago with diving equipment to explore it, but having dived never resurfaced. The Sherpa native believe in the existence of a mysterious flying amphibian creature in this region. There are also several secret ceremonies devoted to the “Creature of Tilicho”. Some of these include a full moon night ceremony, a horse race in Muktinath, and a goat sacrificed to the so-called “creature” at the Tilicho lake itself. The mysteries of Tilicho remains elusive and unspoken of. But whatever the case be, this lake sits at its height calmly and beautiful, challenging the people who try to defy it.

TREKKING AGENCIES – Bird-eye view series of Nepal

In Kathmandu

A-ONE TREKKING
P. O. Box 8720, Durbar Marg; Tel: 0977-1-4250754, 4267792; Fax 977-1-4267740
E-mail: aonetrek@wlink.com.np

AMADABLAM ADVENTURE GROUP
P. O. B. 3035, Kamal Pokhari; Tel: 0977-1-4415372, 4415373; Fax 977-1-4416029
E-mail: himalaya.sales@amadablam.wlink.com.np

AMIT TREKS
GPO Box 7532, Thamel; Tel: 0977-1-4259310
E-mail: amittreks@wlink.com.np
Website: www.catmando.com/amittreks

ASIAN TREKKING
P.O. Box 3022, Thamel; Tel: 0977-1-4415506; Fax: 977-1-4411878
E-mail: asianadv@mos.com.np

BEYOND BASE CAMP TREKS & EXPEDITIONS
P. O. Box 9048, Kathmandu; Tel: 0977-1-4437716; Fax: 977-1-4435027
E-mail: bbc@wlink.com.np
Website: www.bbctreks.com

BON VOYAGE TREKKING AGENCY
P. O. Box 4146, Thamel, Narsingh Camp; Tel: 0977-1-4427487,4266114; Fax: 977-1-4266114
E-mail: bonyage_nepal@yahoo.com
Website: www.bonvoyagenepal.com
www.geocities.com/bonvoyage_nepal

DESTINATION NEPAL TREK & EXPEDITION
G. P. O. Box 5408, Thamel; Tel: 0977-1-4259538, 42584119, Fax: 977-1-4258419
E-mail: info@destination.com.np
Website: www. Destination.com.np

EAST WIND HOLIDAYS
G. P. O. Box 3039, Chhetrapati; Tel: 0977-1-4248712; Fax: 977-1-4255454
E-mail: shambala@ccsl.com.np

ECO TREK
P. O. Box 6438, Thamel; Tel: 0977-1-4424112, 4424113; Fax: 977-1-4420490
E-mail: bimal@ecotreknepal.com
Website: www.ecotreknepal.com

ENVIRO TREKS
P. O. Box 11480, Jyatha, Thamel; Tel: 0977-1-4268050; Fax: 977-1-4267440
E-mail: enviro.treks@nepal.com
Website: www.neerab.com

GLACIER SAFARI TREKS
P. O. Box 2238, Bhagwan Bahal, Thamel; Tel: 0977-1-4412116, 4414549;
Fax: 977-1-4418578
E-mail: gst@wlink.com.np

GURKHA’S ENCOUNTERS OVERLAND ADVENTURE
P. O. Box 20195, Ganeshman Street, Thamel; Tel: 0977-1-4266388; Fax: 977-1-4266355
E-mail: overland@wlink.com.np
Website: www.gurkha-trekking.com

HIGHLANDER TREKS & EXPEDITION
P. O. Box 10987, Thamel; Tel: 0977-1-4243158, 4424653; Fax: 977-1-4411889
E-mail: highlander@wlink.com.np

Indian Foreign Secretary to arrive today

Indian Foreign Secretary Shiv Shankar Menon is scheduled to arrive in Kathmandu today in his first visit to Nepal since he took over the charges at the Ministry of External Affairs.

Menon, who is going to be the senior most Indian official to be visiting the country since the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), is scheduled to meet with Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala, Foreign Minister, other ministers, officials and political leaders during his three-day stay in Kathmandu.
Menon will be accompanied by Pankaj Saran, the chief of Nepal-Bhutan desk at the South Block.

POKHARA – An enchanting Himalayan valley (Bird-eye view series of Nepal)

If Kathmandu is the cultural hub of Nepal, then Pokhara is its centre of adventure. Pokhara (population approx. 1, 000,00) is a resort city of remarkable beauty. The serenity of Phewa Lake and the magnificent summit of Machhapuchhre rising behind it create an ambiance of peace and magic. Pokhara is part of a once vibrant caravan route extending between India and Tibet. This is the land of Magars and Gurungs who have earned worldwide fame as Gurkha soldiers. Brahmins, Chhetris, and Thakalis are other major communities here.

PLACES TO SEE

Mountain views. Clearly the most stunning of Pokhara’s sights is the spectacular panorama of the Annapurna range which forms its backdrop. The Annapurna I to IV and Annapurna South. Although the highest among them is Annapurna I (8,091 m), it is Machhapuchhre (6,977 m) which dominates all others in this area.

Phewa Lake, the second largest lake in the Kingdom roughly measuring 1.5 by 4 km, is the centre of all attractions in Pokhara. It is the largest and most enchanting of the three lakes that add to the resplendence of the resort town. The eastern shore, popularly known as Lakeside or Baidam, is the favorite home base for travelers and is where most of the hotels, restaurants, and handicraft shops are located.

Begnas Lake and Rupa Lake are located about 5 km from Pokhara at the end of a road that turns north from the highway to Kathmandu. Divided by a forested hillock called Panchabhaiya Danda, the lake offer the perfect nature retreat because of their relative seclusion. Splendid boating and fishing opportunities can be had here.

Barahi Temple. Built on an island on Phewa Lake, this two-storied pagoda is dedicated to the boar manifestation of Ajima, the protectress deity representing the female force. Devotees can be seen, especially on Saturdays, carrying animals across the lake to be sacrificed to the deity.

World Peace Stupa, a massive Buddhist stupa, is situated on top of a hill on the southern shore of Phewa Lake. Besides being an impressive sight in itself, the shrine is a great vantage point which offers superb views of the Annapurna Himal range and Pokhara city.
Seti Gandaki. Flowing right through the city, the boisterous river runs completely underground at places. Amazingly, at certain points the river appears hardly two meters wide. But its depth is quite beyond imagination – over 20 meters! Mahendra Pul, a small bridge near the old Mission Hospital, provides a perfect view of the river’s dreadful rush and the deep gorge made by its powerful flow.

Seti Gorge and Green Caynon. The View Point of the Fulbari Resort offers an unrivaled panorama of the Annapurna range with Lamjung Himal, Annapurna II, Annapurna IV, Machhapuchhre, Annapurna III, Annapurna I, and Annapurna South extending from right to left. A splendid vista of the Seti Gorge, a deep and narrow gorge cut by the Seti river, and the Green Canyon spreads out below.

Devi’s Fall. Locally known as Patale Chhango, Devi’s Fall (also known as Devil’s. Devin’s or David’s) is an awesome waterfall lying about 2 km south-west of Pokhara airport on the highway to Tansen. Legend has it that a trekker (Devin, David …) was washed way by the Pardi Khola and disappeared down into an underground passage beneath the fall.

Gupteswar Gupha is a sacred cave located near Devi’s Fall. The cave is almost 3 km long. It has some big fall hall-size rooms and some passages. This cave holds special value for Hindus since a phallic symbol of Lord Shiva is preserved here in the condition it was discovered.

Mahendra Gupha. Another of nature’s wonders in Pokhara is the Mahendra Gupha. This large limestone cave is locally known as the House of Bats, an apt name for it. A two-hour walk to the north of Pokhara, it is best to bring your own torch to see the stalactites and stalagmites, as well as the local winged residents.

Robert’s Aviary. Colonel Jimmy Roberts, the father of trekking in Nepal, collected pheasants during his trekking and mountaineering forays into the Annapurna mountains. He maintained an aviary for these colorful and sangquine birds.

The Old Bazaar. Pokhar’s traditional bazaar is colorful and so are its ethnically diverse traders. In its temples and monuments can be seen ties to the Newar architecture of the Kathmandu Valley. Located about 4 km from Lakeside, the market’s original charm is alive and well.

Bindhybasini Temple is the centre of religious activity in the old bazaar. It is dedicated to Goddess Bhagawati, yet another manifestation of Shakti. The park-like grounds offer a fine picnic area, and on Saturday s and Tuesdays when devotees flock there to offer sacrifices, take on a festive local flavor.

The Tibetan refugee settlement, Tashi Palkhiel, also known locally as Hemja Camp, is
7 km north of Pokhara on the west bank of the Seti river. Of interest here are the monastery, handicraft centre, and herbal medicine clinic.

MUSEUMS

Pokhara Museum, located between the airport and Mahendra Pul, reflects the ethnic mosaic of western Nepal. The lifestyles and history of ethnic groups such as the Gurung, Thakali, and the Tharu are displayed.

Annapurna Museum, also known as the Natural History Museum, is located at Prithivi Narayan Campus east of the old bazaar. Managed by the Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP), the museum has an exceptional collection of butterflies, insects, birds, and models of wildlife as well as samples of various precious and semi-precious stones and volcanic rocks.

The Gurkha Memorial Museum is housed within the premises of Hotel Nature Land at Pardi, Pokhara. The museum has on display uniforms and badges of Gurkha infantry regiments, Gurkha engineers, signals, and transport regiments, and the Gurkha Contingent of the Singapore Police Force. There are also historical photographs and medals of Gurkha veterans – some dating back to the First World War.

LUMBINI-Birthplace of the Buddha (Bird-eye view series of Nepal)

Lumbini, the place where the Buddha was born in 623 BC, is situated in the Terai plains of southern Nepal. The nativity site is marked by a stone pillar erected by Indian Emperor Asoka in 249 BC.

SACRED GARDEN

Listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, Lumbini is being developed with international support as the supreme Buddhist pilgrimage and a symbol of world peace. The Sacred Garden where the Buddha was born converges on the Ashoka pillar which carries an inscription identifying the spot as the birthplace. To one side of the pillar is the Mayadevi Temple which houses a bas relief depicting the nativity. The Puskarni pond where Queen Mayadevi, the Buddha’s mother, had taken a bath before giving birth to him lies nearby.

TEMPLES AND MONASTERIES

The Myanmar Temple (Lokamani Pagoda) is a gleaming gold and white structure gracefully soaring into the sky in the style of the Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon. There is a monastery complex behind the temple. Nearby, the International Gautami Nuns Temple is a fine replica of the Swayambhu stupa in Kathmandu. There is a pond here known as Paleswan Pukhu.

The China Temple is a complex of pagodas, prayer rooms, and meditation cells. Built by the Buddhist Association of China, the centerpiece at the Zhong Hua Buddhist Monastery is a huge statue of the Buddha housed in its main pagoda. Across the road lies Dae Sung Suk Ga Sa, The Korean Temple. The Nepal Buddha Temple and the Dharma Swami Maharaja Buddha Vihara are located inside the Sacred Garden.

The Japan Peace Stupa is situated at the northern end of Lumbini. Built by the Nippon Jon Myohoji of Japan, the 41-m tall edifice is visible from a distance. Four different Buddha statues are set into the four cardinal directions. Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Thailand, and Mongolia are also building temples in Lumbini.

MUSEUMS

The Lumbini Museum contains Mauryan and Kushan coins, religious manuscripts, terra-cotta fragments, and stone and metal sculptures. It is also posses an extensive collection of stamps from various countries depicting Lumbini and the Buddha.

Lumbini International Research Institute (LIRI), located opposite the Lumbini Museum provides research facilities for the study of Buddhism and religion in general. Run jointly by the Lumbini Development Trust and the Reiyukai of Japan, LIRI contains some 12,000 books on religion, philosophy, art, and architecture.

Kapilvastu Museum is situated 27 km west of Lumbini in Tilaurakot. The museum holds coins, pottery, and toys dating between the seventh century BC and fourth century AD. The museum also has a good collection of jewelry and other ornaments from that period.

FROM LUMBINI

Tilaurakot, 27 km to the west of Lumbini, contains the ruins of ancient Kapilvastu, capital of the Sakya kingdom where the Buddha spent his youth as Prince Sidhartha. At Niglihawa (8 km from Tilaurakot) and Gotihawa (5 km), there are broken Ashoka pillars and other relics. Devdaha, capital of the Koliya kingdom and maternal home of Mayadevi, lies 35 km to the northeast of Lumbini – just off the Butwal-Narayanghat section of the East-West Highway

GENERAL INFORMATION

Lumbini is situated in the tropical Terai plains to the south-west of Kathmandu.

Access: From Kathmandu, fly to Gautam Buddha Airport in Bhairahawa (Siddhartha Nagar Municipilaty, 45 km minutes) and then drive (22 km) to Lumbini. Overland from Kathmandu to Bhairahawa is 282 km (10 hours).

Climate: Absolute extreme temperature 44 degrees Celsius maximum, 7 degrees minimum. The rainy season lasts June-September.

Additional information: Lumbini Development Trust, Lumbini, Tel: 071-80189, 80194; Fax: 977-71-80181. Kathmandu Office, Tripureswor; Tel: 0977-1-4268285.

US asks Maoists to stop intimidation

Expressing concern over continued donation drive and intimidation by the Maoists even after the signing of Comprehensive Peace Accord, US Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs R Nicholas Burns has called on Maoists to immediately stop such activities.
Delivering his speech on the US policy for South Asia at the Asia Society in New York Monday night, Burns said, “The United States does not oppose the Maoists participating in Nepalese politics as a legitimate, peaceful political party, but it is crucial for the long-term well-being of Nepal that the Maoists give up their arms and end their extortion. That has not yet happened. We intend to hold the Maoists to that standard.”
Stating that the US will be watching the Maoist’s activities, he further said that violence and intimidation by the Maoists must end.
Stating that the US welcomed the Comprehensive Peace Accord between the government and the Maoists, Burns said, “We hope this step will place Nepal on the path of lasting peace and democracy. We truly want the peace process to work and we pledge our full support. We support an agreement that safeguards the aspirations of the Nepali people. This means violence, intimidation, and criminal acts by the Maoists must end.”
Burns also urged the political parties to remain united. “It is incumbent on the political parties to show a united front.”

Annan writes to UNSC to assist in Nepal's peace process

The United Nations (UN) Secretary-General, Kofi Annan, has written a letter to the UN Security Council (UNSC) president with regard A press release issued by the UN information centre in Kathmandu said the Secretary General noted that the United Nations has been requested to monitor the arrangements of arms and armed personnel by providing qualified monitors supported by appropriate technical capacity.
“Assistance is also being sought in a variety of areas in the peace process with a view to creating an atmosphere conducive to free and fair elections for the Constituent Assembly,” the Secretary General wrote.
The Secretary-General added that it is his strong belief that the UN should respond positively, and outlines three immediate steps with which he intends to proceed, the statement added.
Sources said Annan has asked the UNSC president for a mandate to "immediately" deploy 60 personnel in Nepal to monitor the peace process. Other necessary deployment will be carried out on the basis of the field report from Nepal, informed sources said.
The UNSC is likely to hold an informal meeting anytime this week on the Nepal issue, said the source.
Annan's personal representative to assist Nepal peace process Ian Martin is in New York to brief the Secretary General about the ongoing peace process in Nepal. to the peace process in Nepal for immediate assistance on it.

MOUNTAINEERING IN NEPAL

Out of the ten highest peaks in the world, eight, including the tallest peak Mt. Everest, lie in Nepal. No wonder Nepal is the favorite destination for mountaineers, with more than 600 expeditions trudging up the Himalaya each year.
SEASONS AND PERMITS: There are four mountaineering seasons: spring (March-May), summer (June-August), autumn (September-November) and winter (December-February). A total of 160 Himalayan peaks are open to mountaineers. Climbing permits are issued by the Ministry of Culture, Tourism & Civil Aviation (MoTA) for mountaineering peaks, and by the Nepal Moutaineering Association (NMA) for smaller peaks, known as trekking peaks, which range in altitude from 5,587 to 6,654 m.
The following documents have to be sent to MoTA, Mountaineering Division when applying for a climbing permit: completed application, endorsement of the National Alpine Club, short biographies of all the members of the expedition (with photograph and signature), map and/or photograph of the mountain indicating climbing route and approach route map. Enlistment of the expedition’s name does not require and fee, and it should not be paid before receiving the permit from the Ministry of Tourism.
Permits to climb the trekking peaks are issued by NMA on “first come first served” basis. It is necessary to appoint a government recognized trekking agency of Nepal as a liaison for the expedition Kathmandu. The trekking agency will look after all the requirements during the expedition.
FEE
A royalty (climbing fee) ranging from US$ 1,500 to US$ 10,000 (depending on the altitude of the peak) and US$ 50,000 for Everest is charged by MoTA for a group of seven persons. An additional US$ 20,000 is charged for the normal south east ridge route on Everest. An additional US$200 to US$ 1,500 per person (US$ 10,000 per person for Everest) will be charged if the group exceeds seven persons. The full amount of the royalty has to be paid within two months of the date of issue of the permit, otherwise it may be canceled. The royalty must be paid directly to MoCTCA by bank draft or bank transfer in convertible foreign currency only.
For trekking peaks, NMA charges a royalty of US$ 350 for a group of upto four persons. Each additional member for upto eight members is charged an extra
US$ 40. For a group exceeding eight members, NMA charges US$ 510 and US$ 25 per person for upto twelve members.
CONTACT
For further information, contact Ministry of Culture, Tourism & Civil Aviation, Tourism Industry Administration, Mountaineering Division, Bhrikuti Mandap, Kathmandu; Tel: 256234
Nepal Mountaineering Association: Naxal, Kathmandu; Tel: 0977-1-443425, 0977-1-4435442; Fax: 0977-1-4434578.
E-mail: office@nepalmountaineeringassociation.com
Website: www.nepalmountaineeringassociation.com